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Road construction, housing, and other human developments often result in loss of wetlands and the benefits they provide. In an effort to mitigate the impacts of wetland destruction, developers can be required to create new wetlands. "Mitigation wetlands" have traditionally been designed by engineers. More recently, professional wildlife biologists have been invited to assist in designing wetlands to help assure products are functional and beneficial to wildlife. A primary characteristic used to measure success of wetland·loss mitigation projects is plant colonization of excavated sites. The presence of sustainable populations of aquatic plants indicates saturated soils and suggests that wetland functions are occurring. The purpose of this study was to document colonization of aquatic plants at wetlands constructed on a clay lake plain in eastern Upper Michigan. More specifically, researchers determined frequency of occurrence, stem density, and dominance (% coverage) of emergent and submergent plant species found at wetlands three to five years after construction. Also provided within this report are wetland construction recommendations for clay soils with reference to cost differences.
Printed. Encapsulated and divided into 4 pieces. A wall map showing land ownership of St. Joseph County in 1858. Map has insets of towns and villages. There are lithographs of the homes of prominent citizens on all four edges of the map. Scale on original is 1.75 inches equals 1 mile.
Printed. Encapsulated and divided into 4 pieces. A wall map showing land ownership of St. Joseph County in 1858. Map has insets of towns and villages. There are lithographs of the homes of prominent citizens on all four edges of the map. Scale on original is 1.75 inches equals 1 mile.
Printed. Encapsulated and divided into 4 pieces. A wall map showing land ownership of St. Joseph County in 1858. Map has insets of towns and villages. There are lithographs of the homes of prominent citizens on all four edges of the map. Scale on original is 1.75 inches equals 1 mile.
Printed. Encapsulated and divided into 4 pieces. A wall map showing land ownership of St. Joseph County in 1858. Map has insets of towns and villages. There are lithographs of the homes of prominent citizens on all four edges of the map. Scale on original is 1.75 inches equals 1 mile.
Printed topographical map of the land adjoining White Fish Bay of the Lake Superior shoreline. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 4 miles.
Hand stenciled survey map showing the dredged channel in part of L'anse Township of Baraga County, Michigan in 1974. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 100 feet.
Hand drawn map showing the immediate area around Fay Lake in Jackson County, Michigan in 1877. No scale given.
Survey map from 1853 of the mouth of the Clinton River in southeastern Michigan in the year 1853.
Printed navigation chart of Lake George and the St. Mary's River bordering Chippewa County, Michigan and Ontario, Canada for the year 1978 The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 3400 feet.
Hand drawn waxed linen map of the public access site on Upper Brace Lake in Eckford Township of Calhoun County, Michigan in the year 1966. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 100 feet.
Reproduction of a hand drawn map. This is a re-survey of part of Battle Creek, Michigan in 1844. The surveyor's field notes are included on the map.
Printed. Repaired with Japanese paper, the top left of map is torn off. Shows the names of the land owners of Norvell Township in Jackson County, Michigan in 1874. Scale on original is 2 inches equals 1 mile.
Hand drawn survey data on an aerial photograph on photo paper of part of Kramers Marsh in Kalamazoo County, Michigan for the year 1979. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 300 feet.
Hand Stenciled Blue print map of parts of Henrietta and Waterloo Townships on Jackson County, Michigan. Portage Lake is the main feature. The land owners are named for about 1940. No scale given.
Hand drawn map of a wildlife management area in Allegan County, Michigan for the year 1969. The scale on the original is 3.8 inches equals .5 miles.
Printed color wash map showing the land owners of Benton Township of Eaton County, Michigan in 1895. Map also shows the location of buildings along the roads and swamps along the rivers. No scale given.
Hand drawn survey map on mylar of the Ford-Young landfill in Burr Oak Township in St. Joseph County, Michigan for the year 1986. The scale on the original equals 1 inch equals 100 feet.
Reproduction of a geological map of Luce County, Michigan as understood in 1929. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 1 mile.
Printed as part of an annual report in 1870. Shows the mines and mineral resources along the Eagle river in Champion Township of Marquette County, Michigan. Scale of original is 1 inch equals 400 feet.
Printed color wash map showing the land owners of Windsor Township of Eaton County, Michigan in 1895. Map also shows the location of buildings along the roads and swamps along the rivers. No scale given.
Printed base maps of the central upper peninsula of Michigan in 1915. Both maps have been hand annotated to highlight idealized railroad lands and routes. The scale on the original is .75 inches equals 1 mile.
Printed base maps of the central upper peninsula of Michigan in 1915. Both maps have been hand annotated to highlight idealized railroad lands and routes. The scale on the original is .75 inches equals 1 mile.
Printed base maps of the central upper peninsula of Michigan in 1915. Both maps have been hand annotated to highlight idealized railroad lands and routes. The scale on the original is .75 inches equals 1 mile.
Printed navigation chart of the waters in central part of the St. Mary's River for the year 1964. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 3400 feet.