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Section 8a(2) of the Goemaere-Anderson Wetland Protection Act requires a municipality that adopts a wetlands ordinance to have one body make decisions on site plans, plats, and related matters and wetland use determinations concerning the same wetland use application.

Local units of government may not regulate land adjoining a wetland by imposing a buffer or setback on that land to protect the wetland under the authority of the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, and that act preempts any zoning authority to impose buffer or setback zones for the specific purpose of protecting the wetland. However, local units of government are empowered, under their zoning authority, to regulate wetland buffer or setback areas for other purposes utilizing the same types of criteria as they might generally use for setback or buffer zones in their zoning ordinance._x001D_A local unit of government may not require the owner of land containing a wetland under two acres in size, when filing an application for a wetland use permit, to prove that the wetland is not essential to the preservation of the natural resources of the local unit of government.

Road construction, housing, and other human developments often result in loss of wetlands and the benefits they provide. In an effort to mitigate the impacts of wetland destruction, developers can be required to create new wetlands. "Mitigation wetlands" have traditionally been designed by engineers. More recently, professional wildlife biologists have been invited to assist in designing wetlands to help assure products are functional and beneficial to wildlife. A primary characteristic used to measure success of wetland·loss mitigation projects is plant colonization of excavated sites. The presence of sustainable populations of aquatic plants indicates saturated soils and suggests that wetland functions are occurring. The purpose of this study was to document colonization of aquatic plants at wetlands constructed on a clay lake plain in eastern Upper Michigan. More specifically, researchers determined frequency of occurrence, stem density, and dominance (% coverage) of emergent and submergent plant species found at wetlands three to five years after construction. Also provided within this report are wetland construction recommendations for clay soils with reference to cost differences.

In this study several semi-permanent wetlands were examined one year after construction. Waterbird use was evaluated relative to physical wetland-design characteristics which affected cost of construction. Findings will provide a baseline for planned future studies at these wetlands and an initial guide to wetland creation projects for wildlife on sites with clay soils. Specifically, the objective was to compare waterbird use of new wetlands having different (1) sizes and depths, (2) levels of shoreline sinuosity (shore length I pond surface area), and (3) topsoil treatments - replacement vs. construction without stockpiling and replacing topsoil. During the course of research, a total of 1,112 waterbird observations was recorded during 30 counts, resulting in 5,300 use-days for the 143-day study period. Use averaged 37 waterbirds/day on the 15-pond complex or 8 waterbirds/ha/day. Canada geese, mallards, and yellowlegs (greater and lesser) were most commonly observed.

Printed 15 minute topographic quadrangle map for parts of Livingston, Ingham and Shiawassee Counties, Michigan in 1929. The scale on the original 1 inch equals 1 mile.

Printed map showing the geology of the the Lower Peninsula of Michigan as understood in 1911. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 16 miles.

Printed color map showing the surface geology of the lower peninsula of Michigan as understood in 1911. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 16 miles.

This Ozlid process map shows four separate lakes in Chippewa County, Michigan as surveyed in 1927. Scale on original is 4 inches to a mile.

Printed color soil type map of Oscoda County, Michigan in 1931. Map data came from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. Map is folded into an Oscoda County information booklet. Scale on original is 1 inch equals 1 mile.

Printed navigation chart of Lake Northern Lake Michigan with shorelines near Marinette, Wisconsin and Menominee, Michigan for the year 1972.

Printed fifteen minute quadrangle color map of part of Jackson County, Michigan in 1921. This map shows the topography of the area as well as land cover and the location of buildings along the roadsides. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 1 mile.

Hand stenciled blue line copy that has been hand colored map of Mason County, Michigan showing the glacial soil types as understood about the year 1938. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 1 mile.

Reproduction of a detailed map of the mines and caves in and around the village of Negaunee, Michigan in 1925. This map also gives the names of the mining companies that owned land just outside of town. No scale given.

Printed topographical map showing 15 minutes of longitude in Cass County, Michigan in the year 1944. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 1 mile.

Hand drawn encapsulated map divided into 2 pieces. This map features the original and final boundary line between Ohio and Michigan. No scale given.

Hand drawn encapsulated map divided into 2 pieces. This map features the original and final boundary line between Ohio and Michigan. No scale given.

This map shows the soil types of Saginaw County. Also featured is the location of buildings such as houses, churches and schools. The Scale on the original is 1 inch equals 1 mile.

Hand stenciled topographic map of the Escanaba River State Forest in Limestone Township in Alger County, Michigan for about the year 1980. The scale on the original is 2 inches equals 1 mile.

Printed color wash map showing the land owners of Brookfield Township of Eaton County, Michigan in 1895. Map also shows the location of buildings along the roads and swamps along the rivers. No scale given.

Printed topographical map for 15 minutes of longitude within Marquette County, Michigan for the year 1954. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 5000 feet.

Printed topographical map of 7. 5 minutes of longitude in Monroe County, Michigan for the year 1952. The scale on the original is 1 inch equals 2000 feet.